Bicycles and Automobiles in Selected Countries in Millions, 1985-88
Sources: Maria Lowe, The Bicycle: Vehilce for a Small Planet, Worldwatch Institute, 1989, p. 11-12;
Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association, Facts and Figures, Detroit, MI: various editions;
United Nations, Bicycles and Components: A Pilot Survey of Opportunities for Trade Among Developing Countries,
Geneva: International Trade Center UNCTAD/GATT, 1985; Japan Cycle Press International, various editions;
Indian Bicycle Industry: Prospects and Perspectives, New Delhi: Dir. General of Technical Development, 1985, p. 27.
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| Country | Bikes
Total | Bikes
Per Person | Autos
Total | Ratio
Bikes/Auto | | China | 300.0 | 0.27 | 1.2 | 250 | | India | 45.0 | 0.06 | 1.5 | 30.0 | | South Korea | 6.0 | 0.15 | 0.3 | 20.0 | | Egypt | 1.5 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 3.0 | | Mexico | 12.0 | 0.16 | 4.8 | 2.5 | | Netherlands | 11.0 | 0.79 | 4.9 | 2.2 | | Japan | 60.0 | 0.49 | 30.7 | 2 | | West Germany | 45.0 | 0.74 | 26.0 | 1.7 | | Argentina | 4.5 | 0.16 | 3.4 | 1.3 | | Tansania | 0.5 | 0.02 | 0.5 | 1.0 | | Australia | 6.8 | 0.42 | 7.1 | 0.9 | | United States | 103.0 | 0.42 | 139.0 | 0.7 |
Bicycle Production of Selected Countries, in Millions, 1986-2000
N/A = data not available. Sources: Bicycle Retailer & Industry News,
Cycle Press, European Bicycle Manufacturers Association,
Japan Bicycle Promotion Institute, and Bike Europe.
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| Country | 1986 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | | China | 41.0 | 31.9 | 36.8 | 40.3 | 41.0 | 42.0 | 41.0 | 38.0 | 30.0 | 23.1 | 42.7 | 52.2 | | France | N/A | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.9 | | Germany | 2.9 | 3.9 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | | India | 5.3 | 8.4 | 8.8 | 9.0 | 9.9 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 11.3 | 11.0 | 10.5 | 11.0 | 11.0 | | Indonesia | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.6 | N/A | | Italy | 1.6 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.2 | | Japan | 7.8 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 4.7 | | Korea | 2.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.2 | N/A | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 | N/A | | Malaysia | N/A | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | N/A | | Taiwan | 9.9 | 6.8 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 9.2 | 9.7 | 7.4 | 11.9 | 10.1 | 8.3 | 7.5 | | Thailand | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.5 | N/A | | United Kingdom | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | | United States | 5.8 | 5.6 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 8.8 | 8.0 | 6.0 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 1.1 |
World Bicycle and Automobile Production, in Millions, 1950-2000
Source: compiled by Worldwatch Institute, Vital Signs 2002 (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2002)
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| Year | Bikes | Autos | | 1950 | 11 | 8 | | 1951 | 11 | 7 | | 1952 | 12 | 6 | | 1953 | 13 | 8 | | 1954 | 14 | 8 | | 1955 | 15 | 11 | | 1956 | 16 | 9 | | 1957 | 17 | 10 | | 1958 | 18 | 9 | | 1959 | 19 | 11 | | 1960 | 20 | 13 | | 1961 | 20 | 11 | | 1962 | 20 | 14 | | 1963 | 20 | 16 | | 1964 | 21 | 17 | | 1965 | 21 | 19 | | 1966 | 22 | 19 | | 1967 | 23 | 19 | | 1968 | 24 | 22 | | 1969 | 25 | 23 | | Year | Bikes | Autos | | 1970 | 36 | 23 | | 1971 | 39 | 27 | | 1972 | 46 | 28 | | 1973 | 52 | 30 | | 1974 | 52 | 26 | | 1975 | 43 | 25 | | 1976 | 47 | 29 | | 1977 | 49 | 31 | | 1978 | 51 | 31 | | 1979 | 54 | 31 | | 1980 | 62 | 29 | | 1981 | 65 | 28 | | 1982 | 69 | 27 | | 1983 | 74 | 30 | | 1984 | 76 | 31 | | 1985 | 79 | 32 | | 1986 | 84 | 33 | | 1987 | 98 | 33 | | 1988 | 105 | 34 | | 1989 | 95 | 36 | | Year | Bikes | Autos | | 1990 | 92 | 36 | | 1991 | 99 | 35 | | 1992 | 102 | 36 | | 1993 | 102 | 34 | | 1994 | 105 | 35 | | 1995 | 106 | 35 | | 1996 | 98 | 37 | | 1997 | 92 | 39 | | 1998 | 76 | 38 | | 1999 | 93 | 40 | | 2000 | 101 | 41 |
United States Bicycle Market, 1865-2000
Sources: Cycle Trades Association (1890s), U.S. Department of Commerce,
U.S. Tariff Commission (1900-1960), War Industries Board (1916-17),
General Motors Corp. New Departure Division (1919-1932),
Arnold Schwinn Bicycle Co. (1930s-1970s), Bicycle Manufacturers Association (1970s),
Bicycle Institute of America (1946-1990s), Bicycle Retailer & Industry News.
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| Year | Total | Domestic | Import | Export | | 1865 | 0 | - | - | - | | 1866 | 5 | - | - | - | | 1867 | 10 | - | - | - | | 1868 | 500 | - | - | - | | 1869 | 25,000 | - | - | - | | 1870 | 10,000 | - | - | - | | 1871 | 1,000 | - | - | - | | 1872 | 100 | - | - | - | | 1873 | 50 | - | - | - | | 1874 | 5 | - | - | - | | 1875 | 5 | - | - | - | | 1876 | 5 | - | - | - | | 1877 | 10 | - | - | - | | 1878 | 100 | - | - | - | | 1879 | 400 | - | - | - | | 1880 | 5,000 | - | - | - | | 1881 | 10,000 | - | - | - | | 1882 | - | - | - | - | | 1883 | - | - | - | - | | 1884 | - | - | - | - | | Year | Total | Domestic | Import | Export | | 1885 | - | - | - | - | | 1886 | - | - | - | - | | 1887 | - | - | - | - | | 1888 | 150,000 | - | - | - | | 1889 | 200,000 | - | - | - | | 1890 | 340,000 | - | - | - | | 1891 | - | - | - | - | | 1892 | - | - | - | - | | 1893 | - | - | - | - | | 1894 | - | - | - | - | | 1895 | 800,000 | - | - | - | | 1896 | 1,200,000 | - | - | - | | 1897 | 2,000,000 | - | - | - | | 1898 | - | - | - | - | | 1899 | 1,182,691 | - | - | - | | 1900 | 1,182,850 | - | - | - | | 1901 | 1,182,850 | - | - | - | | 1902 | 1,182,850 | - | - | - | | 1903 | 1,182,850 | - | - | - | | 1904 | 250,487 | - | - | - | | Year | Total | Domestic | Import | Export | | 1905 | - | - | - | - | | 1906 | - | - | - | - | | 1907 | - | - | - | - | | 1908 | - | - | - | - | | 1909 | 233,707 | - | - | - | | 1910 | - | - | - | - | | 1911 | - | - | - | - | | 1912 | - | - | - | - | | 1913 | - | - | - | - | | 1914 | 398,899 | - | - | - | | 1915 | - | - | - | - | | 1916 | 526,076 | - | - | - | | 1917 | 606,918 | - | - | - | | 1918 | 567,207 | - | - | - | | 1919 | 479,163 | - | - | - | | 1920 | 750,000 | - | - | - | | 1921 | 750,000 | - | - | - | | 1922 | 750,000 | - | - | - | | 1923 | 750,000 | - | - | - | | 1924 | 350,000 | 343,033 | - | 6,967 | | Year | Total | Domestic | Import | Export | | 1925 | 252,296 | 260,000 | - | 7,710 | | 1926 | 294,656 | 300,000 | - | 5,344 | | 1927 | 250,168 | 255,000 | - | 4,832 | | 1928 | 342,911 | 348,000 | - | 5,089 | | 1929 | 301,892 | 308,000 | - | 6,108 | | 1930 | 296,254 | 300,000 | - | 3,746 | | 1931 | 258,566 | 260,000 | - | 1,434 | | 1932 | 259,205 | 260,000 | - | 795 | | 1933 | 323,967 | 320,000 | 5,000 | 1,033 | | 1934 | 518,773 | 512,450 | 7,500 | 1,177 | | 1935 | 668,880 | 657,000 | 13,000 | 1,120 | | 1936 | 1,233,093 | 1,218,415 | 17,000 | 2,322 | | 1937 | 1,143,160 | 1,131,000 | 16,000 | 3,840 | | 1938 | 864,989 | 851,526 | 16,500 | 3,037 | | 1939 | 1,258,380 | 1,252,886 | 12,214 | 6,720 | | 1940 | 1,290,459 | 1,290,925 | 11,329 | 1,795 | | 1941 | 1,806,982 | 1,829,073 | 6,041 | 28,132 | | 1942 | 554,890 | 560,484 | 584 | 6,506 | | 1943 | 158,191 | 178,938 | 101 | 20,848 | | 1944 | 148,799 | 172,965 | 62 | 24,229 | | Year | Total | Domestic | Import | Export | | 1945 | 544,721 | 544,655 | 3,675 | 13,609 | | 1946 | 1,664,327 | 1,652,923 | 46,840 | 35,436 | | 1947 | 2,800,744 | 2,875,000 | 19,758 | 93,984 | | 1948 | 2,706,185 | 2,794,516 | 16,774 | 105,105 | | 1949 | 1,451,685 | 1,483,009 | 15,985 | 49,254 | | 1950 | 2,006,364 | 1,963,716 | 67,789 | 25,141 | | 1951 | 2,085,047 | 1,925,797 | 176,144 | 17,394 | | 1952 | 2,085,047 | 1,920,179 | 245,763 | 12,202 | | 1953 | 2,695,629 | 1,111,899 | 592,999 | 9,269 | | 1954 | 2,487,357 | 1,531,857 | 963,667 | 8,167 | | 1955 | 3,011,741 | 1,794,968 | 1,223,990 | 7,217 | | 1956 | 2,914,952 | 1,746,818 | 1,173,346 | 5,212 | | 1957 | 2,625,554 | 1,884,446 | 748,689 | 7,981 | | 1958 | 2,930,840 | 2,116,344 | 823,614 | 9,118 | | 1959 | 3,572,288 | 2,562,338 | 1,013,396 | 3,446 | | 1960 | 3,769,698 | 2,584,622 | 1,188,034 | 2,961 | | 1961 | 3,663,663 | 2,579,093 | 1,087,318 | 2,748 | | 1962 | 4,216,177 | 2,954,215 | 1,266,790 | 4,828 | | 1963 | 4,409,649 | 3,118,260 | 1,294,901 | 3,512 | | 1964 | 5,088,485 | 4,082,563 | 1,010,035 | 4,113 | | Year | Total | Domestic | Import | Export | | 1965 | 5,654,124 | 4,618,743 | 1,038,884 | 3,503 | | 1966 | 5,747,703 | 4,829,122 | 927,223 | 8,642 | | 1967 | 6,292,194 | 5,180,352 | 1,117,246 | 5,404 | | 1968 | 7,493,886 | 5,986,184 | 1,534,138 | 6,466 | | 1969 | 7,053,417 | 5,089,023 | 1,970,528 | 6,134 | | 1970 | 6,891,082 | 4,950,879 | 1,947,396 | 7,193 | | 1971 | 8,849,240 | 6,518,806 | 239,470 | 9,036 | | 1972 | 13,896,967 | 8,750,597 | 5,156,068 | 9,698 | | 1973 | 15,210,282 | 10,072,356 | 5,154,903 | 16,977 | | 1974 | 14,105,775 | 10,161,000 | 3,979,225 | 34,741 | | 1975 | 7,293,784 | 5,605,981 | 1,717,885 | 30,082 | | 1976 | 7,804,264 | 6,177,389 | 1,667,537 | 40,662 | | 1977 | 9,412,717 | 7,483,505 | 1,967,801 | 38,669 | | 1978 | 9,228,925 | 7,342,475 | 1,959,896 | 73,446 | | 1979 | 10,800,000 | 9,000,000 | 1,800,000 | - | | 1980 | 9,000,000 | 7,000,000 | 2,000,000 | - | | 1981 | 8,900,000 | 6,800,000 | 2,100,000 | - | | 1982 | 6,800,000 | 5,200,000 | 1,600,000 | - | | 1983 | 9,000,000 | 6,300,000 | 2,700,000 | - | | 1984 | 10,100,000 | 5,900,000 | 4,200,000 | - | | Year | Total | Domestic | Import | Export | | 1985 | 11,400,000 | 5,800,000 | 5,600,000 | - | | 1986 | 12,300,000 | 5,300,000 | 7,000,000 | - | | 1987 | 12,600,000 | 5,200,000 | 7,400,000 | - | | 1988 | 9,900,000 | 4,500,000 | 5,400,000 | - | | 1989 | 10,700,000 | 5,300,000 | 4,900,000 | - | | 1990 | 10,800,000 | 6,000,000 | 4,800,000 | - | | 1991 | 15,100,000 | 8,600,000 | 6,500,000 | - | | 1992 | 15,400,000 | 9,100,000 | 6,300,000 | - | | 1993 | 16,800,000 | 9,700,000 | 7,100,000 | - | | 1994 | 16,700,000 | 9,700,000 | 7,000,000 | - | | 1995 | 16,200,000 | 9,000,000 | 7,200,000 | - | | 1996 | 15,500,000 | 8,000,000 | 7,500,000 | - | | 1997 | 15,200,000 | 5,400,000 | 9,800,000 | - | | 1998 | 15,800,000 | 2,000,000 | 13,800,000 | - | | 1999 | 17,500,000 | 1,200,000 | 16,300,000 | - | | 2000 | 20,900,000 | 700,000 | 20,200,000 | - | | 2001 | - | - | - | - |
Daily Trips by Cycling in Selected Cities, 1989
Sources: World Watch Institute
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| City | Percent of
Total Trips | Notes | | Tianjin, China | 77 | of non-walking trips | | Shenyang, China | 65 | of non-walking trips | | Groningen, Netherlands | 50 | - | | Beijing, China | 48 | of non-walking trips | | Delft, Netherlands | 43 | - | | Dhaka, Bangladesh | 40 | with cycle rickshaw trips | | Erlangen, Germany | 26 | - | | Odense, Denmark | 25 | - | | Tokyo, Japan | 25 | cycling and walking trips to work | | Moscow, Russia | 24 | cycling and walking trips to work | | Delhi, India | 22 | - | | Copenhagen, Denmark | 20 | - | | Basel, Switzerland | 20 | - | | Hanover, Germany | 14 | - | | New York City, United States | 8 | of vehicle trips in East Village | | Perth, Australia | 6 | - | | Toronto, Canada | 3 | of vehicle trips | | London, England | 2 | - | | Sydney, Australia | 1 | - |
Cargo and Taxi Cycles in Selected Places, 1988
Sources: Rob Gallagher, The Rickshaws of Bangladesh, Dhaka University Press, 1992
Michael Replogle, Non-Motorized Vehicles in Asian Cities, Washington D.C.: World Bank, 1992.
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| Country | Cycles | | India | 1,700,000 | | China | 750,000 | | Bangladesh | 700,000 | | Indonesia | 300,000 | | Vietnam | 150,000 | | Columbia | 100,000 | | Chile | 100,000 | | Burma | 60,000 | | Laos | 50,000 | | Nepal | 50,000 | | Europe | 20,000 | | Thailand | 15,000 | | Philippines | 15,000 | | Malaysia | 10,000 | | Pakistan | 10,000 | | Argentina | 10,000 | | Brazil | 10,000 | | Mexico | 10,000 | | United States & Canada | 10,000 | | Dominican Republic | 10,000 | | Japan | 5,000 | | Korea | 5,000 | | World Total | 4,250,000 |
Cost of Bicycles in Selected Places, 1985-1992
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| City or Country | Currency | Cost of Bike | Days Wages | | Havana, Cuba | Peso | 65-150 | 3-12 | | Copenhagen, Denmark | Kroner | 2,000 | 10 | | Estonia | EEK | 800-2600 | 90-270 | | Ethiopia | Dollar | 400 | 1,100 | | Guangzhou, China | Yuan | 1000 | 60 | | Amsterdam, Netherlands | Guilder | 200-6,000 | 2-30 | | Shanghai, China | Yuan | 200-400 | 30-60 | | Tianjin, China | Rmby | 300-600 | 30-60 | | London, England | Pound | 150-3,000 | 2-30 | | Chicago, United States | Dollar | 150-4,000 | 2-30 | | Zanzibar, Tanzania | Shilling | 15,000-20,000 | 350 |
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